The North west India comprises of states like Punjab,Rajasthan,Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir and Gujarat this area shares a long border with Pakistan,even the languages of this area are shared across the border. City of Lahore speaks same language as the Indian city of Amritsar.
Hindi
The Hindi language is one of the most widely spoken languages in the North-West region of India. However, it is not considered the national language in these areas. Instead, the people communicate in the language that they prefer. There are some exceptions to this rule, however, such as the people of West Bengal and Orissa who speak a language that is related to Hindi.
It is the largest and most commonly taught language in North-Western India, with over 50 million speakers. It is the dominant language in the state of Odisha, where it is spoken by the majority of the population. Other widely used languages include Nepali, Gujarati, and Sanskrit.
While Hindi originated in Sanskrit, it is also heavily influenced by the Dravidian, Arabic, Portuguese, and Turkish languages. The language includes numerous regional dialects, as well as pidgin versions. Standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with Standard Urdu.
Punjabi
Punjabi is the official language of Punjab and is spoken by around 30 million people in India. It is part of the Indo-Iranian family and is written in the Gurmukhi script. It is a tonal language and is ordered Subject-Object-Verb. It has an extensive history, with some words borrowed from Persian and Arabic.
The word ‘Punjabi’ means ‘land of five rivers’. It is one of the 22 official languages in India. It is the first language spoken in Punjab, which lies on the border of India and Pakistan. Punjabi has been influenced by the languages of Sanskrit, Hindi-Urdu, and Persian.
Punjabi’s tones are unique among the Indo-Aryan languages. It contains three tones – low, mid, and high. All three tones are phonemic, but there is no pause in the middle. It is written with the Gurmukhi script in India and the Shahmukhi script in Pakistan.
Gujarati
Gujarati is one of the most spoken languages in India, with over 54.6 million native speakers. Gujarati is the most western of the Indo-Aryan languages and is the mother tongue of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel. The language also has a large community in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Fiji.
Gujarati has a phonetic alphabet with 47 letters. The alphabet is organized based on phonetic principles, with the first set of letters being simple vowels. The second group of letters is made up of diphthongs, including e and o, which are ancient diphthongs. The final set of letters consists of nasal and voiceless consonants, which are divided into five groups of five letters: voiceless stop, velar stop, and voiced stop.
A typical Gujarati village consists of clusters of houses along a central street, a temple, a few shops, and a well. The agricultural and trading castes live in the central part of the village, while artisans and other castes live in the outer areas. Cotton, sugarcane, and peanuts are major cash crops.
Urdu
The Urdu language is one of the most widely spoken languages in India. In addition to its Arabic and Persian influences, it also has a strong Indian flavour. Urdu borrows words from these languages, as well as from English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Even so, the language retains its own vocabulary, resulting in a wide variety of everyday words.
There are two main dialects of Urdu. One is the traditional, spoken form, and the other is the modern vernacular. The former is spoken around Delhi and Lucknow, while the latter is spoken in areas that once belonged to the Muslim Empire. The Urdu language is also taught in some Indian madrasahs and in the state of Uttar Pradesh. There are more than twenty-nine Urdu newspapers in the country, and they are distributed in major cities such as Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Delhi.
Urdu is a dialect of the Hindustani language. The original spelling is Ordu. It was developed in the Mughal era under the influence of Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages. Today, Urdu is spoken in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, UAE, Canada, Iran, Maldives, and Kuwait.
Rajasthani
Rajasthani is one of the most common and widely spoken languages of North West India, with around 5.5 million speakers. The language uses the split case marking system, which partially follows the nominal hierarchy. First and second person pronouns are marked with the same A and S, while singular nouns have ergative opposition.
Jaipuri, a variant of Rajasthani, is spoken in Jaipur, Kota, Bundi, Ajmer, and parts of Kishangarh. Mewati, a related language to Rajasthani, is also spoken by some people in northern Pakistan. It is recognized by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir, which has included it in its sixth schedule.
The language is an Indo-Aryan language, and consists of several dialects. Most are spoken in the state of Rajasthan. They are deeply rooted in the culture of the region. The language’s history spans many decades. It is the result of several princely states combining to form the state of Rajasthan. The term ‘Rajasthani’ was coined by George Abraham Grierson in 1908. The language is written using the Devanagari script, with ten vowels and thirty-one consonants.
Haryanavi
Haryanavi is one of the most widely spoken languages in northwestern India. The language is rich in folklore and culture. Its people observe age-old traditions such as yoga and meditation. Seasonal festivals glorify the culture of the region. The language is often associated with the worship of Indra and the god Hari.
Haryanavi is a dialect of Hindi that is mostly spoken in rural areas of the North Indian state of Haryana. Its speakers are mostly Jats and Khadi Bolis. The language is similar to Khariboli, another language spoken in the area.
Haryanavi is a dialect of Western Hindi and belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family. It is a regional language that is predominantly spoken in the state of Haryana, and to a lesser extent in Delhi. Haryanvi is a mix of Hindi and Punjabi. In the northern part of the state, people speak Punjabi. The southern part of the state is heavily influenced by Hindi and is undergoing rapid adoption.
Garhwali
The Garhwali language is one of the most popular languages in the North West of India and has about 22 lakh native speakers. The language evolved from the culture of the area, which is largely based on folk songs and folklore. Narendra Singh Negi, a popular singer in the region, helped popularize the language. The language has also made its way into major cities like Delhi and Mumbai.
The Garhwali people are devout Hindus. They worship the Hindu pantheon and pay special respect to Durga and Shiva. There are many temples and shrines in the region, and the Garhwali participate in many Hindu festivals and holidays.
The region’s history dates back to the Second Century BCE. It was ruled by the Kunindas, who practiced an early form of Shaivism. They also traded salt with Western Tibet. Later, the Parmars invaded the region, and the region became unified under their rule. They migrated from the plains. Then, in the 18th century, the expanding Gorkha Empire of Nepal overran the region, and the Garhwal Kingdom was established under Gurkha rule.
Dogri
The Dogri language is one of the most commonly spoken languages in North West India. It is a phonetically based language with five supra-segmental phonemes and ten vowel phonemes, with 28 distinct consonant distinctions. It is sounded like Hindi, but with a single apostrophe comma at the end of each word. The apostrophe indicates the extra length of short and long vowels.
Dogri literature is a collection of poems, fictional stories, dramas, and other written works. One of the most prominent authors of Dogri literature is Dr. Karan Singh, who has written several novels, travelogues, and philosophical treatises. He has also translated some of the most famous Dogri songs into English.
The Dogri language is part of the Indo-Aryan group of languages. Although it is closely related to Hindi and Punjabi, it is not a subset of either of these languages. It is an isolative language that is spoken in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and parts of the state of Panjab, near the Pakistan-India border.
